Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana ʻana i nā mīkini, ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona screw, ʻeā?
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papa hana o nā bolts no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kila i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau māka, me 3.6,4.6,4.8,5.6,6.8,8.8,9.8,10.9,12.9.ʻO nā bolts o ka papa 8.8 a ma luna aʻe, ua hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ke kila kalapona waena a me ka mālama wela (quenching, tempering), i kapa ʻia ʻo nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ke koena i kapa ʻia ʻo nā bolts maʻamau.ʻElua ʻāpana o nā helu i ka māka hana bolt, e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai o ka ikaika tensile nominal a me ka ratio ikaika flexion o ka mea bolt. no ka laʻana:
ʻO nā pahu o ka papa hana 4.6, ʻo ia hoʻi:
ʻO ka ikaika tensile nominal o ka mea bolt hiki i ka pae 400MPa;
ʻO ka lakio ikaika o ka flexion o ka mea bolt he 0.6;
ʻO ka ikaika hāʻawi inoa o ka mea bolt hiki i 400 × 0.6 = 240MPa pae.
ʻO ka papa hana 10.9 mau bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe, nona nā mea ma hope o ka mālama wela, hiki ke hiki i:
ʻO ka ikaika tensile nominal o ka mea bolt hiki i ka pae 1000MPa;
ʻO ka lakio ikaika o ka flexion o ka mea bolt he 0.9;
ʻO ka ikaika hāʻawi inoa o ka mea bolt hiki i 1000 × 0.9 = 900MPa pae.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka papa hana bolt ka pae honua ākea, ka pae hana like o ka bolt, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻokoʻa o kāna mea a me ke kumu, ua like kāna hana, hiki i ka hoʻolālā ke koho i ka pae hana.
ʻO nā māka ikaika 8.8 a me 10.9 ka helu koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o 8.8GPa a me 10.9GPa.
8.8 Nominal tensile ikaika 800 N/MM2 Nominal yield ikaika 640 N/MM2
Hoʻohana ʻia nā bolts maʻamau me ka "X. Y" e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika, X * 100= ka ikaika tensile o kēia bolt, X * 100 * (Y / 10) = ka ikaika hāʻawi o kēia bolt (e like me ka mea i hōʻailona ʻia: yield strength / tensile strength =Y / 10)
No ka papa 4.8, ʻo ka tensile ikaika o ka bolt he 400MPa;ʻO ka ikaika o ka hāʻawi ʻana he 400 * 8 / 10=320MPa.
Eia kekahi: ʻo nā bolts stainless steel i kapa ʻia ʻo A4-70, A2-70 hiʻohiʻona, wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano.
ana
Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka honua i ʻelua ʻāpana o ke ana, ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana metric, ʻāpana o ke ana no nā mika (m), cm (m) (cm), mm (mm), etc., ma ka mokuʻāina, Kina a me Iapana a ʻOi aku ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o Asia Hema Hema, ʻo ka Pelekane kekahi, ʻāpana o ke ana nui no nā iniha (inihi), e like me ke kūlana kūlanakauhale kahiko, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika i hoʻohana hou aku.
Ana ana: (10 mex) 1m =100 knm=1000 mm
Ana Pelekania: (8 r) 1 iniha =8 mile 1 iniha =25.4 mm 3 / 8??×25.4 =9.52
1/4??Ua helu ʻia nā huahana ma lalo nei e hōʻike i ko lākou inoa inoa, e like me: 4 #, 5 #, 6 #, 7 #, 8 #, 10 #, 12 #
milo wiliwili
ʻO ke kaula he ʻano me ka ʻaʻahu ʻaʻaʻa o ka ʻili ma kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili o waho a i loko paha o kahi paʻa.Ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona a me kona hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
ʻO ke kaula maʻamau: ke ʻano niho wahineangleShape, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana a hoʻopaʻa ʻana paha i nā ʻāpana.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaula maʻamau i ʻelua ʻano o nā niho koʻikoʻi a me nā milo niho maikaʻi e like me ka pitch, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilina pili o ke kaula niho maikaʻi.
ʻO ke kaula hoʻouna: he trapezoidal, rectangular, saw a me triangle, ke ʻano o ka niho.
Loko hoʻopaʻa: hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pilina, ʻo ka nui o ka milo paipu, ka milo cone a me ke kaula pahu cone.
Hoʻokaʻawale ma ke ʻano
Loko me ka pae
ʻO ke kūpono o ke kaula ka nui o ka wehe a paʻa paha ma waena o nā kaula wili, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpono ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o ka deviation a me ka hoʻomanawanui ma nā kaula o loko a me waho.
1. No ka loina Pelekāne i hui pū ʻia, aia ʻekolu mau māka o ka lola waho: 1A, 2A a me 3A, a ʻekolu mau māka: 1B, 2B a me 3B, ʻo ia mau mea a pau e pili ana i nā āpau.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu pae, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hoʻonohonoho.Ma nā loina Pelekania, hōʻike ʻia nā haʻihaʻi ʻana i nā māka 1A a me 2A wale nō, ʻaʻole nā māka 3A, a ua like nā māka 1A a me 2A.ʻO ka nui o nā māka, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomanawanui.
ʻO ka papa 1A a me 1B, ka helu hoʻomanawanui loa, kūpono no ka hoʻomanawanui kūpono o nā kaula o loko a me waho.
ʻO ka papa 2A a me 2B nā papa hoʻomanawanui maʻamau i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka moʻo Pelekane o nā mea hoʻopaʻa mīkini.
ʻO ka papa 3A a me 3B, ka mea i hana i ka tighfit no nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻomanawanui paʻa no ka hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi palekana.
No nā milo waho, 1A a me 2A ka hoʻomanawanui male a ʻaʻole 3A. ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana he 50% ka nui ma mua o ka 2A a me ka 75% ka nui ma mua o ka 3A.No ke kaula i loko, ʻo 30% ka nui o ka hoʻomanawanui ma mua o 2A.He 50% ka nui o ka Papa 1B ma mua o ka Papa 2B a he 75% ka nui o ka Papa 3B.
2. Metric thread, ʻekolu pae pae o waho: 4h, 6h a me 6g, ʻekolu pae pae o loko: 5H, 6 H, 7H. ma ke kūlana o ka pae II) ma ka milo metric, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa kumu o H a me h he zero.ʻO ka haʻalele kumu o G he maikaʻi, a ʻo ka ʻe, f, a me g he ʻino.
ʻO H ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pae hoʻomanawanui o ke kaula i loko, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he uhi ʻili, a i ʻole me kahi papa phosphating lahilahi.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale kumu G kūlana no nā hanana kūikawā, e like me ka uhi mānoanoa, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka uhi lahilahi o g no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka 6-9um.E like me ke kaha kiʻi huahana e koi ai i 6h bolt, ua hoʻohana ke kaula i ka 6g tolerance band ma mua o ka uhi ʻana.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui pū ʻana i ke kaula i H / g, H / h a i ʻole G / h.No nā kaula o nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me nā bolts a me nā nati, ʻōlelo ʻia ke kūpono 6H / 6g.
3. Hoailona kaula
ʻO nā ʻāpana geometric koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻouka ʻana iā ia iho a me nā kaula hoʻoheheʻe ponoʻī
1. Anawaena nui / anawaena niho waho (d1): he anawaena cylinder hypothetical no ke kaupaku.ʻO ke anawaena milo nui e hōʻike ana i ke anawaena inoa o ka nui o ka milo.
2. Alahele / anawaena lalo (d2): he anawaena cylinder hypothetical me ka uhi ana o ke kumu wili.
3. Ka mamao niho (p): ka mamao axial o nā niho pili e pili ana i ʻelua kiko ma ka laina meridian.I ka helu o nā niho i loko o kēlā me kēia ʻīniha (25.4mm).
Laulā maʻamau (metric) (English)
(1) Metric nā niho hoouka iho:
Nā kikoʻī: ST 1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, a me ST3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4.8, S T5.5, ST6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Ka lōʻihi o nā niho: 0.5,0.6,0.8,0.9,1.1,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.4,1.6,1.8,1.8,2.1,2.1
(2) ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Pelekane o nā niho hoʻouka ponoʻī:
Hōʻike: 4 #, 5 #, 6 #, 7 #, 8 #, 10 #, 12 #, 14 #
Ka helu o nā niho: AB niho 24,20,20,19,18,16,14,14
He niho 24,20,18,16,15,12,11,10
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-19-2022